Strawson and Kant: Descriptive Metaphysics as Сonceptual Background for the Analysis of “Critique of Pure Reason”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22240/sent34.01.025Keywords:
descriptive metaphysics, experience, transcendental psychology, transcendental argument, transcendental idealism, empirical realism, space, time, forms of sensuous intuitionAbstract
The article reveals peculiarities of conceptual analysis of the “Critique of Pure Reason» by British philosopher Peter Strawson. The author claims that this analysis depends on the methodological assumptions and conceptual language of Strawson’s previously published large-scale study (“Individuals…”, 1959). The author confirms Barry Straud`s point that Strawson`s project depends, to some extent, on the descriptive metaphysics of “Critique of Pure Reason”. Strawson`s metaphysical doctrine is based not only on the Kant`s doctrine of subjective forms of space-time (this thesis, in fact, is the limit of Stroud’s approach), but also on some subjects of Kant`s transcendental logic. In particular, it relates to Strawson`s analysis of: (a) the intellectual structures, that actively shape our understanding of the world; (b) the functioning of logic-grammatical forms that provide predication of experience; (c) the transcendental unity of “I” and of the difference between personal and formally-analytical aspects of “I”. Based on “The Bounds of Sense...” (1966) and later Strawson’s articles dealing with the philosophy of Kant, the author proves that: (1) Strawson’s «analytical model» of transcendental argument is based on Kant's transcendental psychology; (2) the modalities of understanding of the transcendental idealism depend on understanding of relation between things in themselves and phenomena i.e. depend on the empirical realism according to Kant; (3) Kant’s sensual intuition suggests, as Strawson has shown, the possibility of other spatial-temporal forms of subjective intuition, which are constitutive for another kinds of experience.References
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Ayer, A. J. (1971). Language, Truth and Logic. London: Penguin Books.
Bennett, J. (1966). Kant's Analytic. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Bennett, J. (1968). Strawson on Kant. The Philosophical Review, 77(3), 340-349. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183571
Bergmann, G. (1960). Strawsons Ontology. The Journal of Philosophy, 57(19), 601-622. https://doi.org/10.2307/2022943
Brown, С. (2006). Peter Strawson. Kantian Review, 12(2), 181-184.
Brueckner, A. (1983). Transcendental Arguments I. Noûs, 17(4), 551-575. https://doi.org/10.2307/2215082
Brueckner, A. (1984). Transcendental Arguments II. Noûs, 18(2), 197-225. https://doi.org/10.2307/2215161
Carl, W. (1992). Die Transzendentale Deduktion der Kategorien in der ersten Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Frankfurt: Klostermann.
Carnap, R. (1931). Überwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache. Erkenntnis, 2(1), 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02028153
Carnap, R. (1950). Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology. Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 4(11), 20-40.
Carnap, R. (1961). Der logische Aufbau der Welt. Hamburg: Felix Meiner.
Fridman, M. (2000). A parting of the ways: Carnap, Cassirer, and Heidegger. Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Glock, H. J. (Ed.). (2003). Strawson and Kant. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Glock, H.-J. (2012). Strawson’s Descriptive Metaphysics. In L. Haaparanta, & H. Koskinen (Еds.), Categories of Being: Essays on Metaphysics and Logic (pp. 391-419). Oxford: Oxford UP.
Glouberman, M. (1976). Doctrine and Method in the Philosophy of P. F. Strawson. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 36(3), 364-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2106923
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole, & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 3; pp. 41-58). New York: Academic Press.
Grice, P., & Strawson, P. (1956). In Defense of a Dogma. Philosophical Review, 65(2), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.2307/2182828
Guyer, P. (1989). Psychology and the Transcendental Deduction. In E. Förster (Еd.), Kant’s Transcendental Deductions: Studies in Kant and German Idealism (pp. 47-68). Stanford: Stanford UP.
Haack, S. (1998). Between the Scylla of Scientism and the Charybdis of Apriorism. In L. E. Hahn (Ed.), The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson (pp. 49-63). Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Henrich, D. (1968). The Proof-structure of Kant's Transcendental Deduction. Review of Metaphysics, 22, 640-659.
Hintikka, J. (1972). Transcendental arguments: Genuine and spurious. Noûs, 6(3), 274-281. https://doi.org/10.2307/2214775
Imafidon, Е. (2014). Defending A Dogma: Between Grice, Strawson and Quine. International Journal of Philosophy and Theology, 2(1), 35-44.
Kant, I. (1900 sqq.) Gesammelte Schriften: Hrsg. von der Preußischen (Deutschen) Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin: Reimer, & De Gruyter.
Kaufmann, F. (1936). Methodenlehre der Sozialwissenschaften. Wien: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6001-5
Kitcher, P. (1990). Kant's Transcendental Psychology. New York: Oxford UP.
Miller, D. E. (2014). “Freedom and Resentment” and Consequentialism: Why “Strawson’s Point” is not Strawson’s Point. Journal of Ethics & Social Philosophy, 8(2), 1-22.
Quine, W. V. O. (1976). Two Dogmas of Empiricism. In S. G. Harding (Ed.), Can theories be refuted? Essays on the Duhem-Quine thesis (pp. 41-64). Dordrecht, & Boston: D. Reidel.
Searle, J. R. (1998). Truth: A Reconsideration of Strawson's Views. In L. E. Hahn (Ed.), The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson (pp. 385-401). Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Stern, R. (2000). Transcendental Arguments and Scepticism: Answering the Question of Justification. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Strawson, G. (2009). Selves: an essay in revisionary metaphysics. Oxford: Сlarendon Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198250067.001.0001
Strawson, P. (1962). Carnap's Views on Constructed Systems versus Natural Languages in Analytic Philosophy. In P. A. Schilpp (Ed.), The philosophy of Rudolf Carnap (pp. 503-518). Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Strawson, P. (1967). Analysis, Science and Metaphysics. In R. Rorty (Ed.), The Linguistic Turn (pp. 312-320). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Strawson, P. (1968). Bennett on Kant's Analytic. Philosophical Review, 77, 332-339. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183570
Strawson, P. (1985). Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties. London: Methuen.
Strawson, P. (1990). Individuals. An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics. London, & New York: Routledge.
Strawson, P. (1992). Logic, Epistemology, Ontology. In P. Strawson, Analysis and Metaphysics. An Introduction to Philosophy (pp. 51-58). Oxford UP. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198751182.003.0004
Strawson, P. (1995). The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. London, & New York: Routledge.
Strawson, P. (2000). The Problem of Realism and the A Priori. In P. Strawson, Entity and Identity and Other Essays (pp. 244-251). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Strawson, P. (2003). A Bit of Intellectual Autobiography. In H.-J. Glock (Ed.), Strawson and Kant (pp. 7-14). Oxford: Oxford UP.
Strawson, P. (2008). Intellectual Autobiography taken from the Philosophy of P. F. Strawson. In P. Strawson, Freedom and Resentment аnd other essays (pp. xvi-xxxix). London, & New York: Routledge.
Strawson, P. (2011). Sensibility, Understanding, and the Doctrine of Synthesis. In P. Strawson, Philosophical Writings (pp. 158-166). New York: Oxford UP.
Stroud, B. (2002). Transcendental Arguments. In B. Stroud, Understanding Human Knowledge: Philosophical Essays (pp. 9-25). New York: Oxford UP.
Tse, Сh. (1998). Strawson's Metaphysical Theory of Subject and Predicate. In L. E. Hahn (Ed.), The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson (pp. 373-382). Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Ayer, A. J. (1971). Language, Truth and Logic. London: Penguin Books.
Bennett, J. (1966). Kant's Analytic. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Bennett, J. (1968). Strawson on Kant. The Philosophical Review, 77(3), 340-349. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183571
Bergmann, G. (1960). Strawsons Ontology. The Journal of Philosophy, 57(19), 601-622. https://doi.org/10.2307/2022943
Brown, С. (2006). Peter Strawson. Kantian Review, 12(2), 181-184.
Brueckner, A. (1983). Transcendental Arguments I. Noûs, 17(4), 551-575. https://doi.org/10.2307/2215082
Brueckner, A. (1984). Transcendental Arguments II. Noûs, 18(2), 197-225. https://doi.org/10.2307/2215161
Carl, W. (1992). Die Transzendentale Deduktion der Kategorien in der ersten Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Frankfurt: Klostermann.
Carnap, R. (1931). Überwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache. Erkenntnis, 2(1), 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02028153
Carnap, R. (1950). Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology. Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 4(11), 20-40.
Carnap, R. (1961). Der logische Aufbau der Welt. Hamburg: Felix Meiner.
Fridman, M. (2000). A parting of the ways: Carnap, Cassirer, and Heidegger. Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Glock, H. J. (Ed.). (2003). Strawson and Kant. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Glock, H.-J. (2012). Strawson’s Descriptive Metaphysics. In L. Haaparanta, & H. Koskinen (Еds.), Categories of Being: Essays on Metaphysics and Logic (pp. 391-419). Oxford: Oxford UP.
Glouberman, M. (1976). Doctrine and Method in the Philosophy of P. F. Strawson. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 36(3), 364-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2106923
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole, & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 3; pp. 41-58). New York: Academic Press.
Grice, P., & Strawson, P. (1956). In Defense of a Dogma. Philosophical Review, 65(2), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.2307/2182828
Guyer, P. (1989). Psychology and the Transcendental Deduction. In E. Förster (Еd.), Kant’s Transcendental Deductions: Studies in Kant and German Idealism (pp. 47-68). Stanford: Stanford UP.
Haack, S. (1998). Between the Scylla of Scientism and the Charybdis of Apriorism. In L. E. Hahn (Ed.), The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson (pp. 49-63). Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Henrich, D. (1968). The Proof-structure of Kant's Transcendental Deduction. Review of Metaphysics, 22, 640-659.
Hintikka, J. (1972). Transcendental arguments: Genuine and spurious. Noûs, 6(3), 274-281. https://doi.org/10.2307/2214775
Imafidon, Е. (2014). Defending A Dogma: Between Grice, Strawson and Quine. International Journal of Philosophy and Theology, 2(1), 35-44.
Kant, I. (1900 sqq.) Gesammelte Schriften: Hrsg. von der Preußischen (Deutschen) Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin: Reimer, & De Gruyter.
Kaufmann, F. (1936). Methodenlehre der Sozialwissenschaften. Wien: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6001-5
Kitcher, P. (1990). Kant's Transcendental Psychology. New York: Oxford UP.
Miller, D. E. (2014). “Freedom and Resentment” and Consequentialism: Why “Strawson’s Point” is not Strawson’s Point. Journal of Ethics & Social Philosophy, 8(2), 1-22.
Quine, W. V. O. (1976). Two Dogmas of Empiricism. In S. G. Harding (Ed.), Can theories be refuted? Essays on the Duhem-Quine thesis (pp. 41-64). Dordrecht, & Boston: D. Reidel.
Searle, J. R. (1998). Truth: A Reconsideration of Strawson's Views. In L. E. Hahn (Ed.), The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson (pp. 385-401). Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Stern, R. (2000). Transcendental Arguments and Scepticism: Answering the Question of Justification. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Strawson, G. (2009). Selves: an essay in revisionary metaphysics. Oxford: Сlarendon Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198250067.001.0001
Strawson, P. (1962). Carnap's Views on Constructed Systems versus Natural Languages in Analytic Philosophy. In P. A. Schilpp (Ed.), The philosophy of Rudolf Carnap (pp. 503-518). Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Strawson, P. (1967). Analysis, Science and Metaphysics. In R. Rorty (Ed.), The Linguistic Turn (pp. 312-320). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Strawson, P. (1968). Bennett on Kant's Analytic. Philosophical Review, 77, 332-339. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183570
Strawson, P. (1985). Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties. London: Methuen.
Strawson, P. (1990). Individuals. An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics. London, & New York: Routledge.
Strawson, P. (1992). Logic, Epistemology, Ontology. In P. Strawson, Analysis and Metaphysics. An Introduction to Philosophy (pp. 51-58). Oxford UP. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198751182.003.0004
Strawson, P. (1995). The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. London, & New York: Routledge.
Strawson, P. (2000). The Problem of Realism and the A Priori. In P. Strawson, Entity and Identity and Other Essays (pp. 244-251). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Strawson, P. (2003). A Bit of Intellectual Autobiography. In H.-J. Glock (Ed.), Strawson and Kant (pp. 7-14). Oxford: Oxford UP.
Strawson, P. (2008). Intellectual Autobiography taken from the Philosophy of P. F. Strawson. In P. Strawson, Freedom and Resentment аnd other essays (pp. xvi-xxxix). London, & New York: Routledge.
Strawson, P. (2011). Sensibility, Understanding, and the Doctrine of Synthesis. In P. Strawson, Philosophical Writings (pp. 158-166). New York: Oxford UP.
Stroud, B. (2002). Transcendental Arguments. In B. Stroud, Understanding Human Knowledge: Philosophical Essays (pp. 9-25). New York: Oxford UP.
Tse, Сh. (1998). Strawson's Metaphysical Theory of Subject and Predicate. In L. E. Hahn (Ed.), The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson (pp. 373-382). Chicago, & La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
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2016-06-16
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Kozlovskyi, V. (2016). Strawson and Kant: Descriptive Metaphysics as Сonceptual Background for the Analysis of “Critique of Pure Reason”. Sententiae, 34(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.22240/sent34.01.025
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