Eugène Dupréel and Chaїm Perelman: the normative and critical principles of the “rhetorical turn” in contemporary philosophy. Part 1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31649/sent41.02.066Keywords:
classical philosophy, non-classical philosophy, new rhetoric, sophistry, philosophy of values, monism, pluralism, epistemologyAbstract
The purpose of this article is to give a critical assessment of the methodological, epistemological and philosophical principles of the “rhetorical turn” as a historico-philosophical phenomenon in contemporary philosophy. The first part offers a reconstruction and a critical assessment of the methodological and epistemological foundations of Eugène Dupréel's critique of the key features of “classical philosophy”, namely, the concept of necessary knowledge and the concept of progress. These are supplemented by a brief analysis of Chaїm Perelman’s reception of Dupréel's theses in his works of the so-called “turning point” period (1947–1949). It is shown that Dupréel's critique is “axiological” in nature and consists in his reassessment of the principles of classical methodology and epistemology. In his critique of the doctrine of necessary knowledge from the standpoint of humanism, Dupréel wittingly vindicates the methodological and epistemological principles of sophistry (critical realism, subjectivism, pragmatism, pluralism, relativism, conventionalism, etc.), but endows these, as well as other concepts of classical epistemology, with a new, humanistic, meaning. Perelman generally supports the main points of Dupréel's criticism, strengthening their social and humanistic orientation. This article demonstrates that the criticism of classical philosophy offered by both thinkers is limited in terms of both its subject and its principles. After all, it (1) provides a simplified image of “classical philosophy”, (2) is based on a misunderstanding of the fundamentally conceptual and constructive nature of philosophical knowledge, (3) is carried out from the standpoint of “socially oriented realism”, and, therefore, (4) has no bearing on the epistemological principles of idealistic and religious movements,(5) leading to the separation of philosophy from scientific and religious knowledge.
References
Dominicy, M. (2007). Perelman et l’École de Bruxelles. Centre Perelman de Philosophie du Droit. Laboratoire de Linguistique Textuelle et de Pragmatique Cognitive. Bruxelles: Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles.
Dupréel, E. (1906). Essai sur les Catégories. Bruxelles: Henri Lamertin.
Dupréel, E. (1911). Sur les rapports de la logique et de la sociologie ou Théorie des idées confuses. Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, 19(4), 517-522.
Dupréel, E. (1912). Le rapport social: Essai sur l’objet et la méthode de la sociologie. Paris: Alcan.
Dupréel, E. (1922). La Légende Socratique et les Sources de Platon. Bruxelles: Robert Sand.
Dupréel, E. (1925a). Convention et Raison. Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, 32(3), 283-310.
Dupréel, E. (1925b). La sociologie et les problèmes de la connaissance. Revue de l’institut de Sociologie, 5(2), 1-23.
Dupréel, E. (1928a). De la Nécessité. Archives de la Société Belge de Philosophie. 1(1), 70-105.
Dupréel, E. (1928b). La valeur du progrès. In E. Dupréel, Deux essais sur le progrès. Bruxelles: Lamartin.
Dupréel, E. (1932). Traité de morale (Vol. 1-2). Bruxelles: Éditions de la Revue de l’Université.
Dupréel, Е. (1933). La Cause et l’intervalle ou Ordre et Probabilité. Archives de la Société Belge de Philosophie, 5(2), 8-51.
Dupréel, E. (1934). Les Deux Racines de la Valeur du Vrai. Revue de l’Université de Bruxelles, 40(2), 176-189.
Dupréel, Е. (1939a). Esquisse d’une philosophie des valeurs. Paris: Alcan.
Dupréel, E. (1939b). Les sophistes: Protagoras, Gorgias, Prodicus, Hippias. Paris: Alcan.
Dupréel, E. (1948). Les sophistes: Protagoras, Gorgias, Prodicus, Hippias. Neuchâtel: Griffon.
Frank, D. A., & Bolduc, M. (2003). Chaïm Perelman’s “First Philosophies and Regressive Philoso-phy”: Commentary and Translation. Philosophy and Rhetoric, 36(3), 177-188. https://doi.org/10.1353/par.2003.0026
Frank, D. A., & Bolduc, M. (2004). From Vita contemplativa to vita activa: Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s Rhetorical Turn. Advances in the History of Rhetoric, 7(1), 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/15362426.2004.10557226
Frank, D. A., & Driscoll, W. (2010). A Bibliography of the New Rhetoric Project. Philosophy and Rhetoric, 43(4), 449-466. https://doi.org/10.5325/philrhet.43.4.0449
Kopperschmidt, J. (2006). Was ist neu an der Neue Rhetorik? In J. Kopperschmidt (Hrsg.), Die Neue Rhetorik Studien zu Chaim Perelman (S. 9-72). München: Wilhelm Fink.
Mansion, А. (1924). Bulletin d’histoire de la philosophie ancienne. Revue néo-scolastique de philosophie, 26.2(2), 214-234. https://doi.org/10.3406/phlou.1924.2376
Morlet, S., & Munnich, O. (Eds.). (2021). Les études philoniennes : regards sur cinquante ans de recherche (1967-2017). Leiden: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004462724
Nicolas, B. (1939). Eugène Dupréel, Esquisse d’une philosophie des valeurs. Revue néo-scolastique de philosophie, 42.2(64), 624-627.
Nicolas, L. (2016). Le projet rhétorique de Chaїm Perelman à la lumière de sa correspondance. In M. Angenot, M. A. Bernier & M. Côté (Eds.), Renaissances de la rhétorique. Perelman aujo-urd’hui (pp. 29-52). Montreal: Nota bene.
Oesterreich, P. L. (2003). Philosophie der Rhetorik. Bamberg: Buchners.
Perelman, Ch. (1931). Esquisse d’une logistique des valeurs. Revue de l’Université de Bruxelles, 36(3-4), 486-496.
Perelman, Ch. (1932). A propos de la philosophie de M. Dupréel. Revue de l’Université de Bruxelles, 37(3), 385-399.
Perelman, Ch. (1939). Étude sur Gottlob Frege. Revue de l’Université de Bruxelles, 44(2), 224-227.
Perelman, Ch. (1945). De la Justice. Bruxelles: Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Perelman, Ch. (1947). Fragments pour la théorie de la connaissance de M. E. Dupréel. Dialectica, 1(4), 354-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1947.tb00505.x
Perelman, Ch. (1948). Fragments pour la théorie de la connaissance de M. E. Dupréel. Dialectica, 2(1), 63-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1948.tb00671.x
Perelman, Ch. (1968). A propos d’Eugène Dupréel Contribution à un portrait philosophique. Revue internationale de philosophie, 22(83-84), 227-237.
Perelman, Ch. (1979). L’originalité de la pensée d’Eugène Dupréel (à l’occasion du centenaire de sa naissance. Bulletin de la Classe des lettres et des sciences morales et politiques, 65(3-4), 60-71. https://doi.org/10.3406/barb.1979.55384
Séguy-Duclot, A. (2022). La philosophie contemporaine XXe et XXIe siècles. Paris: Ellipses.
Downloads
-
PDF (Українська)
Downloads: 313
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.jpg){kind=logo}
.png){kind=logo}
