Філософський курс Стефана Калиновського 1729–1731 років у світлі його викладацької практики: джерела і (не)оригінальність

Mykola Fediai

doi:10.31649/sent42.01.006

Authors

Mykola Fediai Hr. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy, NAS of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-4036

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31649/sent42.01.006

Keywords:

Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, François Le Rées, Caspar Schott, plagiarism, sermons

Abstract

The article analyzes the philosophical course of Stephan Kalynovskyi taught at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in 1729–1731. By now researchers considered this course to be one of the best monuments of Ukrainian philosophical thought of that time. However, the textual analysis has shown that the course was borrowed verbatim from François le Reés, a French author who wrote it in Paris in the 1630s. The article also analyzes all other currently known educational courses of Kalynovskyi (courses on rhetoric, history, mathematics). Neither they were written by the professor himself, but borrowed, mostly verbatim, from other authors. The article drew conclusions about the (un)originality of Kalynovskyi's courses based on a comparison of his courses with their sources, identifying authorial changes, deviations, etc. In addition, an attempt was made to find out whether the verbatim borrowing of someone else's text without indicating the author during teaching could be considered plagiarism at that time. Biographical information about Kalynovskyi, as well as an overview of the church sermons that he delivered as a bishop, allows a better understanding of his educational courses.

Author Biography

Mykola Fediai, Hr. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy, NAS of Ukraine

Мaster of history (National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy), master of East European studies (University of Warsaw), postgraduate student of the H. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

References

Archival materials

Kalinowski, S. (s.a.a). Isagoge in Historiam. [Course of history]. The Institute of Manuscripts (fonds 307, item 516, fol. 61-104). Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Kyiv.

[Kalinowski], [S.]. (s.a.b). Isagoge in Historiam. [Course of history]. The Institute of Manuscripts (fonds 305, item 258, fol. 185-212). VNLU, Kyiv.

Kalinowski, S. (1727-1728a). Institutionum Rhetoricarum libri IIII roxolanae iuventuti in collegio Kiiovomohylaeano traditi et explicati. [Course of rhetoric]. The Institute of Manuscripts (fonds 305, item 258, fol. 12-101v). VNLU, Kyiv.

[Kalinowski], [S.]. ([1727-1728b]). [Institutionum Rhetoricarum libri IIII]. [Course of rhetoric]. The Institute of Manuscripts (fonds 301, Petrov’s catalogue, item 421, fol. 129-329v). VNLU, Kyiv.

Kalinowski, S. (1729). Cursus Philosophicus in collegio KiiowoMohylaeano ingenuis sapientiae amatoribus explicatus. [Philosophical course]. The Institute of Manuscripts (fonds 305, item 169, fol. 1-32). VNLU, Kyiv.

[Kalinowski], [S.]. (1729-1730). Cursus Philosophicus in collegio Kiiowomohilaeano ingenuis sapientiae amatoribus explicatus. [Philosophical course]. The Institute of Manuscripts (fonds 306, Petrov’s catalogue, item 123, fol. 1-338). VNLU, Kyiv.

Kalinowski, S. (1729-1731). Cursus Philosophicus in collegio Kiiewomohylaeano ingenuis sapientiae amatoribus explicatus. [Philosophical course]. The Department of Manuscripts (fonds 577, item 62, fol. 1-705v). The National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg.

[Kalinowski], [S.]. ([1730-1731]). [Cursus Philosophicus in collegio Kiiowomohilaeano ingenuis sapientiae amatoribus explicatus]. [Philosophical course]. The Department of Manuscripts (fonds 522, item 50, fol. 6-350). The National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg.

Kozaczynski, M. (1739-1740). Cursus Philosophicus entis naturalis per quaestiones Philosophicas ad sequens consuetumque biennii tempus iuxta usum in scholis peripatheticorum praeceptum... [Philosophical course]. The Institute of Manuscripts (fonds 306, item 126, fol. 5-408v). VNLU, Kyiv.

[Kozaczynski], [M.]. (1739-1741). Cursus Philosophicus entis naturalis per quaestiones Philosophicas ad sequens consuetumque biennii tempus iuxta usum in scholis peripatheticorum praeceptum... [Philosophical course]. The Institute of Manuscripts (fonds 306, item 127, fol. 2-305v). VNLU, Kyiv.

Primitiae Philosophiae hoc est conclusiones ex prolegomenis in universam Philosophiam et prooemialibus Logicae. (1732). [Philosophical theses]. The Department of Historical Collections (fonds КДС, item 56 [convolute]). VNLU, Kyiv.

Register of books of the Novgorod Theological Seminary. (1779). State Archive of the Novgorod Region (fonds 384. item 1, 2, fol. 223-248), Novgorod.

Printed works

Ambrose, Archbishop of Novgorod and Velikolutsky (Yushkevych). (1741). Sermon on the highest birthday of the most pious autocratic great empress Elizabeth Petrovna of all Russia. St. [In Church Slavonic]. Petersburg: At the Imperial Academy of Sciences.

Besoldus, C. (1630). Synopsis rerum ab orbe condito. Tubingae: Typis Philiberti Brunnii.

Bugrov, K. (2018). «Political Theology» of the Elizaveta’s era: Legitimation of Elizaveta Petrovna’s power in court sermons of the 1740s-1750s. [In Russian]. Tomsk State University Journal, 436, 131-138. https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/436/15

CCD. (1898). Complete collection of decisions and orders by the Office of the Orthodox Confession of the Russian Empire: Vol. 8: 1733-1734. [In Russian]. St. Petersburg: The Synodal Printing House.

CCD. (1899). Complete collection of decisions and orders by the Office of the Orthodox Confession of the Russian Empire: Vol. 1: November 25, 1741-1743. [In Russian]. St. Petersburg: The Synodal Printing House.

CCD. (1907). Complete collection of decisions and orders by the Office of the Orthodox Confession of the Russian Empire: Vol. 2: 1744-1745. [In Russian]. St. Petersburg: The Synodal Printing House.

Chistovich, I. A. (1860). Correction of the text of the Slavic Bible before the publication of 1751. [In Russian]. Orthodox review, 1, 479-510.

Chroust, A.-H. (1972). Late Hellenistic «Textbook Definitions» of Philosophy. Laval théologique et philosophique, 28(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.7202/1020274ar

Cicero. (1913). De officiis / With an English translation by Walter Miller. London: William Heinemann Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4159/DLCL.marcus_tullius_cicero-de_officiis.1913

Darowski, R. (1994). Filozofia w szkolach jezuickich w Polsce w XVI wieku. Kraków: Fakultet Filozoficzny Towarzystwa Jezusowego.

Fediai, M. (2022). New Details About the Biography of Stephan Kalynovskyi. [In Ukrainian]. Kyivan Academy, 19, 79-111. https://doi.org/10.18523/1995-025X.2022.19.79-111

Grülingius, P. (1665). Florilegium Hippocrateo-Galeno-Chymicum novum. Lipsiae: Sumptibus Georgii Heinrici Fromanni.

Hauréau, J. B. (1845). Le Rées (François). In Histoire littéraire du Maine (Vol. 3, pp. 285-290). Le Mans; Paris: A. Lanier; Julien.

Horbach, O. (1993). Karlovets manuscripts «Praecepta artis oratoriae» of 1736-1737 of the Vienna National Library. In O. Horbach, Collected articles (pp. 73-130). [In Ukrainian]. Munich: Reprint.

Kharlampovych, K. (1914). Little Russian influence on Great Russian church life (Vol. 1). [In Russian]. Kazan: Publication of the M.A. Golubev.

Kislova, E. I. (2011). Publication of court sermons in the 1740s. In XVIII century. Collection 26. Old and new in Russian literary consciousness of the 18th century (pp. 52-72). [In Russian]. St. Petersburg: Nauka.

Krylovsky, A. S. (Ed.). (1890-1915). Systematic catalog of books in the library of the Kyiv Theological Academy. (T. 1-5). [In Russian]. Kyiv.

Kyselov, R. (2022). Reasoning about Plagiarism in Europe before Jacob Thomasius. [In Ukrainian]. Sententiae, 41(1), 6-29. https://doi.org/10.31649/sent41.01.006

Lauxmin, S. (1705). Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis Rhetoricae. Coloniae: Apud Servatium Noethen.

Le Rées, F. (1642). Cursus Philosophicus in tres tomos distibutus (T. 1-3). Parisiis: Matteaus Guillemot.

Le Rées, F. (1648). Cursus Philosophicus in quatuor tomos distibutus (2 ed.) (T. 1-4). Parisiis: Matteaus Guillemot.

Lohr, C. H. (1974). Renaissance Latin Aristotle Commentaries: Authors A-B. Studies in the Renaissance, 21, 228-289. https://doi.org/10.2307/2857156

Lossius, L. (1562). Arithmetices erotemata puerilia. Luneburgensi.

Mizaldus, A. (1599). Centuriae IX. Memorabilium, utilium, ac iucundorum in aphorismos arcanorum omnis generis locupletes, perpulere digestae. Francofurti: Ex officina typographica Ioannis Saurii.

Obraztsov, I. Ia. (Ed.). (1878). Description of documents and cases in the archives of the Holy Governing Synod: T. 3. 1723 [In Russian]. St. Petersburg: The Synodal Printing House.

Petrov, N. I. (Ed.). (1904a). Acts and documents relating to the history of the Kyivan Academy. Department ІІ (1721-1795): Vol. 1 (1721-1750). Part 1. [In Russian]. Kyiv: Publisher I.I. Chokolov.

Petrov, N. I. (Ed.). (1904b). Acts and documents relating to the history of the Kyivan Academy. Department ІІ (1721-1795): Vol. 1 (1721-1750). Part 2. Supplements. [In Russian]. Kyiv: Publisher I.I. Chokolov.

Petrov, N. I. (Ed.). (1906). Acts and documents relating to the history of the Kyivan Academy. Department ІІ (1721-1795): Vol. 3 (The reign of Catherine II (1762-1796). Arseniy Mohylianskyi, Metropolitan of Kyiv (until 1760)). [In Russian].Kyiv: Publisher I.I. Chokolov.

Petrov, N. I. (Ed.). (1908). Acts and documents relating to the history of the Kyivan Academy. Department ІІ (1721-1795): Vol. 5 (The reign of Catherine II (1762-1796). Samuil Mislavsky, Metropolitan of Kyiv (1783-1795)). [In Russian]. Kyiv: Publisher I.I. Chokolov.

Platon, Archbishop of Moscow and Sevsky (Malynovsky). (1742). Sermon on the second week after the descent of the Holy Spirit. [In Church Slavonic]. Moscow: The Synodal Printing House.

Popovych, M. (1998). Essay on the History of culture of Ukraine. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: ArtEk.

Prokopyuk, O. (2008). Spiritual consistory in the system of diocesan administration (1721-1786). [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Fenix.

Purchotius, E. (1715). Institutiones Philosophicae: Ad faciliorem veterum ac recentiorum philosophorum: T. 4. Continens Ethicam seu Moralem disciplinam. Venetii: Apud Joannem Manfrè.

Raconis, C. F. D., de (1629). Secunda pars Philosophiae seu Ethica. Colonia Agrippina: Officina Choliniana.

Randall, M. (2001). Pragmatic plagiarism: Authorship, profit, and power. Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442678736

Romenets, V. A. (1993). History of psychology of the Enlightenment era. [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Vyshcha shkola.

Rupertus, C. A. (1659). Obseruationes ad Historiae universalis synopsin Besoldianam minorem. Noribergae: Typis et sumptibus Michaelis Endteri.

Schmutz, J. (2015). Le Rées, François. In Dictionnaire des philosophes français du XVIIe siècle: Acteurs et réseaux du savoir (pp. 1071-1072). Paris: Classiques Garnier.

Schottus, G. (1661). Cursus Mathematicus sive absoluta omnium mathematicarum disciplinarum encyclopaedia. Herbipoli: Schönwetter.

Sharipova, L. (2000). The internal structure and functioning of the library of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy before the fire of 1780: An attempt at reconstruction. [In Ukrainian]. Kyivan Academy, 1, 75-96.

Stephan, Archbishop of Novgorod and Velikolutsky (Kalynovskyi). (1744a). Sermon on the day of the accession to the throne of Elizabeth Petrovna. [In Church Slavonic]. Moscow: The Synodal Printing House.

Stephan, Archbishop of Novgorod and Velikolutsky (Kalynovskyi). (1744b). Sermon on the day of the second solemn thanksgiving brought about the conclusion between the Russian Empire and the Crown of Sweden of eternal peace. [In Church Slavonic]. Moscow: The Synodal Printing House.

Stephan, Bishop of Pskov (Kalynovskyi). (1742). Sermon for the New Year. [In Church Slavonic]. Moscow: At the Imperial Academy of Sciences.

Symchych, M. (2006). Remarks on influence on philosophy lectures at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (at the end of 17th-18th centuries). [In Ukrainian]. Kyivan Academy, 2-3, 74-85.

Symchych, M. (2009). Philosophia rationalis at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Comparative analysis of Mohylean courses of logic at the end of 17th - the first half of the 18th centuries. [In Ukrainian]. Vinnytsa: O. Vlasuk.

Symchych, M. (2019). Comparative analysis of the philosophical courses of Theofan Prokopovych and Georgiy Konyskyi on the example of the section «On infinity». [In Ukrainian]. Sententiae, 38(1), 122-136. https://doi.org/10.22240/sent38.01.122

Symchych, M. (2020). Remarks about the edition of the «Introduction» to the philosophical course by Theophan Prokopovich. [In Ukrainian]. Sententiae, 39(1), 126-139. https://doi.org/10.31649/sent39.01.126

Thomasius, J. (2021). Nucleus disputationis de plagio literario maxime theoreticus, thesibus paucis et brevibus comprehensus. Sententiae, 40(1), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.31649/sent40.01.089

Vishnevsky, D. (1903). Kyivan Academy in the first half of the 18th century. (New data relating to the history of this Academy for the specified time). [In Russian]. Kyiv: Publisher I. I. Gorbunov.

Yaremenko, M. (2013). Everyday life of professors of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy of the 18th century. In Everyday life of Early Modern Ukraine. Historical Studies in 2 Volumes: Vol. 2: The World of Things and Everyday Ideas (pp. 69-121). [In Ukrainian]. Kyiv: Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.